Respiration takes place as water moves through the body. They are diffused out of the sponge through water. Excretion also uses water to preform its function as CO2 and other wastes are diffused into the water and carried out of the sponge through the osculum. Archaeocytes then receive the nutrients from the collar cell and they complete the process by spreading and transport these nutrients through the sponge. Collar cells line the inside of the cell. This takes place inside the sponge as the collar cells trap and engulf the microscopic particles that float in along with the water. Sponges are "filter feeders", meaning that they sift food from the water that enters the sponge through the incurrent pores. Nutrition, respiration, circulation and excretion are require water in order to perform their duties to the sponge. Water is a HUGE component to this phylums survival. This leads to poorly developed organs and the body plan becoming a "sac-plan." Choanocytes, osculum, spicules and archaeocytes are just a few of the specialized cells that allow the sponge to survive. Sponges are acoelomates meaning that they do not have a coelom or a body cavity. With no tissue layers, this phylum only uses specialized cells such as spicules and spongins to make up the organism's structure. The word Porifera means "pore-bearing" making most of the organisms in this phylum to be sponges. Phylum Porifera contains the most primitive organisms that are known.
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